Накопитель на жёстких магнитных дисках или НЖМД (англ. hard (magnetic) disk drive, HDD, HMDD), жёсткий диск, в компьютерном сленге «винчестер» — запоминающее устройство (устройство хранения информации) произвольного доступа, основанное на принципе магнитной записи. Является основным накопителем данных в большинстве компьютеров.
Диски подключаются через специальный интерфейсный, который является совокупностью линий связи, сигналов, посылаемых по этим линиям, технических средств, поддерживающих эти линии (контроллеры интерфейсов), и правил (протокола) обмена. Современные серийно выпускаемые внутренние жёсткие диски могут использовать интерфейсы ATA (он же IDE и PATA), SATA, eSATA, SCSI, SAS, FireWire, SDIO и Fibre Channel.
or follow to 62 OLD hardware pinouts.
- ATA / IDE interface and cable ATA=AT bus Attachment. Parallel ATA used at the PC, Apple Macintosh and some other computers. Nowdays replaced by SATA.
- ATA/SATA ZIF connector The connector is used in most SSD and 1.8" hard disk storage devices. The device is connected to the controller via flat ribbon cable.
- eSATA (External SATA) eSATA provides a variant of SATA for external connectivity. It uses a more robust connector, longer shielded cables, and stricter electrical standards. The protocol and logical signaling are identical to internal SATA.
- eSATA USB hybrid (EUHP) external connector eSATAp (also known as Power eSATA, eSATA/USB Combo, eSATA USB Hybrid Port (EUHP)) is a combination connection for external storage devices.
- M.2 (NGFF) connector M.2 (Next Generation Form Factor, NGFF), is a specification for computer expansion cards. Having a small and flexible physical specification, the M.2 is suitable for solid-state storage applications, especially when used in small devices such as ultrabooks or tablets.
- Mini-SAS 4x SFF-8088 connector SFF-8088 is irimarily used to connect one chassis to another chassis through the use of external multiline cabling. Nowdays it is the most widely used external SAS cable connector.
- Mini-SAS HD 4x SFF-8644 external connector the latest HD MiniSAS connector design for implementing HD SAS External interconnect solutions. Typical application is a SAS link between a SAS HBA to a SAS drive subsystem.
- Mini-SAS HD SFF-8643 SAS is a serial, point-to-point interfce with SCSI protocol set. Typical application of SFF-8643 connector is a internal SAS link between a SAS HBA to SAS drives.
- Mini-SAS SFF-8087 internal connector The SFF-8087 connector is widely used on SAS cards. It carries four SATA/ SAS connections providing up to 12gbps of throughput using SAS or SATA II 3.0gbps devices.
- Mini-SATA (mSATA) connector mSATA applications include netbooks, laptops and other devices that require a solid-state drive in a small footprint.
- OCP Kinetic, SNIA Ethernet Drive SFF-8482 connector
- SAS Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is a point-to-point serial protocol that moves data to and from computer-storage devices such as hard drives.
- SAS 4i internal SFF-8484 The SFF-8484 connectors are commonly found on some older SAS/ SATA controllers, i.e. Dell PERC 5/i, PERC 6i. Nowdays SFF-8484 is mostly superseeded by SFF-8087.
- SAS 4x SFF-8470 Infiniband CX4 external connector some legacy products are using the SFF-8470 connector.
- SAS x4 MultiLink SFF-8630
- SATA Express SATA Express is an interface that supports either SATA or PCI Express storage devices. It is intended for providing a smooth transition path from SATA to PCIe storage.
- SATA micro connector
- SATA SFF-8784 SFF-8784 edge connector is intended to save space on slim SATA devices
- SATA Slimline connector
- Serial ATA (SATA) The Serial ATA (SATA) bus is the serial version of the ATA bus. Primarily used for hard disk connections.
- Slimline SAS SFF-8654 connector
- U.2 connector U.2 (SFF-8639) is a computer interface for connecting SSDs to a computer. It is developed for the enterprise market and designed to support new PCI Express drives along with SAS and SATA drives.
- ZIF to ATA interface adapter
- Схема переходника ATA to CompactFlash (CF)
Распиновки для Apple
- Apple PowerBook ATA Used on PowerBooks for the 2.5" drives. The internal hard disk has a 48-pin connector that carries both the ATA signals and the power for the drive.